NCERT Solutions for Class 12 - Chemistry

Class 12th chemistry includes many intricate topics. Applications of chemistry are useful and involved in almost every part of life. It has been boon to mankind since ancient times as it useful and involved from medical applications to most complicated gene studies. Students planning to prepare various medical exams or taking chemistry further for higher studies should keep their concepts and fundamentals of chemistry crystal clear. Chemistry can be quite complicated but it is not a tough nut to crack. A hand-to hand practice and thorough revisions can help students to score well in this particular subject and further boost their result of class 12th Board examinations.

Chemistry is the branch of science which deals with the interaction among particles and their transformation to form new particles. As subject chemistry touches a large portion of physical science. It shares many topics with other subjects like physics and biology. Concepts of physics and mathematics are applied in the form of physical chemistry to study the topics like thermodynamics, equilibrium, electrochemistry, chemical kinetics, states of matter, structure of atom, etc. Concepts of chemistry are applied in biology in the form of biochemistry. Organic chemistry gets its application in medical sciences in the form of medicines.

Few students assume that chemistry is all about mugging up the concepts and remembering the facts, but actually, it’s not true. Just like any other subject, chemistry is also based on a few fundamental concepts. Physical chemistry is based on the laws of nature just like physics, and most of its portion deals with mathematical problems.

Organic chemistry is based on some basic principles like inductive effect, resonance effect, hyperconjugation, etc. You need to learn these concepts and their application to solve the reaction mechanism and then only you can master organic chemistry. 

In inorganic chemistry, you may find some fact-based problems which you need to remember as such, but if study carefully you will find that most of them are based on very simple concepts like shielding effect, electronegativity, electron gain enthalpy, VSEPR theory and periodicity in properties. 

Chemistry is a crucial subject from the point of view board exams as well as competitive exams. It is a scoring subject, if studied carefully. As you are aware, chapters of chemistry class 12th can be divided into three groups

•    Physical Chemistry: It has about 33% weightage for board exam. Questions are mainly based on numeric problems and are generally simple, but you need to remember all the formulas and derivations. The chapters included in physical chemistry are solid state, solutions, electrochemistry, chemical kinetics, surface chemistry.  
•    Organic Chemistry: This portion has about 40% weightageforboard exam. Questions are a little complexed and need to be answered carefully. You can master the organic chemistry only if the concepts are clear as unlike physical chemistry, organic chemistry has no formula which you can learn the solve problems. Every time you need to apply the concepts. The chapters included in organic chemistry are Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen, Biomolecules, Polymers, Chemistry in Everyday Life. 
•    Inorganic Chemistry: This portion has about 27% weightage for board exam. Questions of inorganic chemistry are relatively simple and based on facts that you need to remember. Inorganic chemistry is also based on a few concepts but they are relatively simple. The chapters included in inorganic chemistry are General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements (Metallurgy), p -Block Elements, d -and f -Block Elements, Coordination Compounds.

How to study chemistry for board exams?

Just like any other subject, you need to learn the basic concepts of chemistry in order to score well in boards. Without mastering the basics, you will never be able to learn the subject as you cannot remember all the things without clarity of concepts. 
For physical chemistry, you need to master mole concept and stoichiometry. You will find application of these two concepts in every chapter of physical chemistry. As you are aware now that most of the questions would be based on numerical problems, you need to practice them number of times. You should also work on the speed and accuracy of the mathematical calculations. If we talk about specific chapters, you may find the chapter solutions most difficult and surface chemistry the easiest one. Colligative properties and Raoult's law are the most important topics for the chapter solutions. In chapter electrochemistry ,Nernst equation, Kohlrausch's Law and  specific and molar conductivity are the most important topics. For chemical kinetics, give extra attention to the problems of first order reaction and Arrhenius equation. 

For organic chemistry, you need to master Inductive effect, Resonance effect, Hyperconjugation and electrometric effect and learn all the mechanism given in the books. You also need to learn all the name reactions like Wurtz reaction, Kolbe's reaction, Rimen timer reaction, Clemmensen reduction, Hell volhardzelinsky reaction, Hoffmann bromamide, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis etc. Most important chapter of organic chemistry for board exams is Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. The chapter amine is very simple but has some very useful topics like diazonium salts. 

For inorganic chemistry, you need to first master the chapter classification of elements and periodicity in properties. You must be clear about the topics like atomic radii, ionizationenthalpy, hydration enthalpy, lattice enthalpy, electron affinity and their variation along the period and down the group. You will find that most of the chapters of inorganic chemistry are independent of one another. For example, the chapter metallurgy as no links with p block elements, d block elements or coordination compounds. If we talk about the specific chapters than the most important topics of metallurgy (General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements) are Principles and methods of extraction - concentration, oxidation, reduction - electrolytic method and refining including zone refining and vapour phase refining (Mond’s process and van arkel process. In p bloc elements group 16 and 17 elements are most important. In chapter coordination compounds you will always find a question on IUPAC naming and isomerism in coordination compounds, VBT and CFT are also very important. 

What are the scoring chapters of chemistry for board exams?

The word scoring refers to a chapter which has relatively simple concepts and also have good weightage for exams. Here is the list of most scoring chapters of chemistry for CBSE board exams

1.    Chemical kinetics
2.    Surface chemistry
3.    General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
4.    P block elements
5.    D block elements
6.    Coordination compounds
7.    Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
8.    Biomolecules
9.    Polymers
10.  Chemistry in Everyday life

These chapters cover more than 54% marks in the board question paper.

Tips for the preparation of board exams.

You cannot learn any subject overnight, so it is the best advice to start preparing for the exams right from the very beginning of academic year. Here are few tips which would be helpful for you while writing the board exam of chemistry
•    Always write the IUPAC name of reactant and product while writing any reaction of organic chemistry.
•    Write all the steps separately while explaining mechanism of any reaction. 
•    Don’t forget the write the formula and final answer separately while solving any numerical problem of physical chemistry.
•    Never leave any answer in faction, solve till the end. 
•    Try to answer the questions of related topics in groups. For example, try to answer all the questions of organic chemistry together. In this way you can utilize the momentum of your brain.

Role of NCERT in Chemistry.

Being a standard textbook and benchmark for the education of 11th and 12th in CBSE and many other state boards also, NCERT is very crucial for chemistry just like any other subject. Especially for organic chemistry, you must finish the NCERT questions first and then if you are comfortable and confident enough, move to other questions like previous year question papers and other supportive books available in market. For physical chemistry, especially for chapters electrochemistry and chemical kinetics you need to solve some extra questions from books other than NCERT also but before that also you need to solve NCERT textbook first. For inorganic chemistry, NCERT questions and previous years papers of CBSE class 12th are sufficient for the board exams.   
In short, you must solve each and every question of NCERT textbook for scoring well in your board exams. At Studymate we provide you the best possible solutions of NCERT questions, with proper explanation of conceptual questions and stepwise solution of numerical problems in an easy to understand format.